Overview

In Canada, criminal background checks are categorized by levels based on the depth of information they reveal. A Level 1 check, officially called a Criminal Record Check, is the most basic. A Level 2 check, known as a Criminal Record & Judicial Matters Check, is more comprehensive.

Level 1: Criminal Record Check (Basic)

Information Included

• Adult convictions that have not been pardoned.
  
• Youth findings of guilt within the retention period.
• Excludes pending charges, withdrawn charges, acquittals, and pardoned offences.

Typical Uses

1. General employment screening (non-vulnerable roles).
2. Basic volunteer roles not involving vulnerable populations.
3. Immigration and travel police certificates.
4. Other purposes like rental applications.

Level 2: Criminal Record & Judicial Matters Check (Enhanced)

Information Included

• All information from Level 1.
• Pending charges and outstanding warrants.
• Judicial orders (peace bonds, probation, prohibitions).
• Recent discharges (absolute ≤1 year, conditional ≤3 years).
• Excludes pardoned offences and most non-conviction records.

Typical Uses

1. Positions of trust or public safety concern.
2. Professional licensing and permits (e.g., taxi drivers, security guards).
3. Non-profit roles requiring enhanced screening.
4. Not acceptable for vulnerable sector roles.
   

Vulnerable Sector Checks (Level 3)

Is a Vulnerable Sector Check Necessary?
A Vulnerable Sector Check includes a Basic or Standard criminal record check, along with a search for any relevant record suspensions (formerly known as “pardons”) related to sexual offences.

However, as of March 13, 2012, changes introduced by Bill C-10 to the Criminal Records Act made individuals convicted of sexual offences against minors ineligible for record suspensions.

As a result, the Vulnerable Sector Check may not be a reliable tool for screening individuals working with vulnerable populations, since one of its key components—sexual offence pardons—no longer exists.

Comparison Summary

Below is a summary table of which type of background check is typically required for various roles in Canada. Please note these are guidelines only— Employers will determine the specific check required.

Legend

• CRC = Criminal Record Check

• CRJMC = Criminal Record and Judicial Matters Check

• VSC = Vulnerable Sector Check

Note: The above is a guideline only. Requirements may differ based on province, organization, or employer policy.

Conclusion

The Level 1 Criminal Record Check provides a basic overview of conviction history, suitable for general screening. The Level 2 Criminal Record & Judicial Matters Check adds pending charges, judicial orders, and recent discharges, making it ideal for higher-trust roles and professional licensing. Neither includes pardoned offences; those are only revealed through a Vulnerable Sector Check (Level 3) when legally required.